Alice s Wonderland, Through The Looking Glass And The...

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking Glass and The Wizard of Oz are fictional stories about the coming of age. Children relate to these stories and admire both Alice and Dorothy. In what can be assumed are Alice’s and Dorothy’s dreams, we see various anthropomorphic creatures and animals. There imaginary worlds lead both girls to face situations in which they must think maturely and at the same time lose a bit of their innocence, similar to when a young child takes their first step in becoming their own mature and independent person. When both girls admit for the first time they were not who they were when they first entered their dreams, they took their first step into a new world of decision making and maturity. Alice and Dorothy mature throughout the story and leaving behind the dependence and innocence every person once had. Both girls are coming to the age of independence. Throughout Alice’s and Dorothy’s journey in wonderland it can be seen that each girl loses the air of innocence they had at the beginning of the story. The stories, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass by Lewis Carroll and The Wizard of Oz film directed by Victor Fleming, all represent a coming of age story where a young girl must go on a journey, let go of her childishness, and mature and face her fears in order to find their way home. Distinguishing what is a dream and what is reality can be difficult. Most times it is obvious that a dream is only a dream.Show MoreRelatedChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesliterary fairy tale of the Victorian period was Lewis Carrolls Alices Adventures in Wonderland (1865), which was followed by its sequel Through the Looking Glass (1872); both were illustrated by John Tenniel. Carrolls imaginative novels are often credited with changing the emphasis of childrens literature from instruction to delight. When compared with the majority of the childrens books that preceded the Alice books, Carrolls works are remarkably free of religious or social lessons. Carroll even

The Geography Of Thoughts By Richard E - 807 Words

In this brief paper I will present a critique of the book the Geography of Thoughts by Richard E. Nisbett. The purpose of the author is to demonstrate the profound cognitive differences between Westerners and East Asians. He uses several experiments to explain the differences of these cultures are because of differing ecologies, social structures, philosophies, and educational systems that date back to ancient Greece and China. At the end of the book, I coincided with Nisbett and his description of the differences of easterners and westerners. My objective is to present the main markers where I consider people could identify the broad dissimilarities. More specifically, the dichotomy between East Asians and Westerners is focused on their origins, the relationship with others, and their perception of the environment. In light of this, I will discuss how the ancestors influence the values of Easterners and Westerners, how is the relationship of these cultures with other social groups, and how each culture perceive the world in depth while referring to Nisbett’s examples and theory. First, I believe that the differences of easterners and westerners are based on their origins. The ancient Greece and China defined specific values for its cultures. Eve though culture and values change over time, individuals built their roots based on their dominant culture, which exercises the greatest influence on the beliefs, values, perceptions, communication patterns and customs of the cultureShow MoreRelatedImpact of Geography in Richard Russos Novels Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesRichard Russo’s novels Empire Falls and Nobody’s Fool examine the relationships between individuals in a small town environment. 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Network Design Project It/230 Final Paper Free Essays

string(68) " and other possible problems in this area are less likely to occur\." Network Design Project Art Meyer IT/230 Pernell Curtis 11/27/2011 Executive Summary The Tri-Corp company is need of a complete networking solution. Tri-Corp has two offices, one in Phoenix, and the other in Tucson. The main office in Phoenix is a large 4-story building with 50 workstations and 10 network printers. We will write a custom essay sample on Network Design Project It/230 Final Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Tucson office has five separate workstations and three network capable printers. The clients use Outlook exchange web server for their email communications; both offices require data transfer on a daily basis. Each user requires access to the internet and the shared data stored on the nine clients workstations. DSL, cable, and T3 network solutions are available to the clients. The Tucson clients have a cable internet connection with 8mbps max upload and download limit. The physical layout of the Tucson office is a single story design where the workstations are located in five separate offices in a large building; an unused storage closet is located in a central point in between the offices of that building. Tri-Corps needs a reliable network, with a VPN service to accommodate the needs of traveling executives, upper management, and a growing workforce. Company executives at Tri-Corp have requested a remote access solution as part of their systems upgrade. The company desires its employees to have access to the network from their home PC’s and laptops as a method to help improve productivity and eliminate unnecessary travel and paperwork. In order to function more efficiently, many companies across the globe require remote access to their server systems. A remote access solution will provide Tri-Corp with a proven method to retrieve data from remote locations and them with the opportunity for their executives to complete necessary tasks on the go. However, remote access may provide intruders a method to access Tri-Corps secure data. These vulnerabilities may expose the risk of exploitation and have caused irreparable damage to other companies in the past. Successfully implementing Tri-Corps remote access solution requires careful planning to protect their data and avoid unwanted attacks by unauthorized users. In addition to the Enterprise system upgrades, Tri-Corp needs to design and implement a disaster recovery plan and review system security policies. While some disasters are unavoidable and vary in type and magnitude, system security attacks are avoidable when companies enforce their information policies and protect their resources. Tri-Corps offices may contain vulnerabilities because they offer remote access to company data to many employees in both locations. Cabling Specifications The shield twisted pair (STP) or unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable are what connects computers to the switch on the Star Topology network10Base-T is one of the Ethernet standards for cabling in a network environment. 10BaseT uses a twisted pair cable with a maximum length of 100 meters. Standard 10BaseT operates at 10 Mbps. It is commonly used in a star topology. Gigabit Ethernet (CAT6) over twisted pair copper wires is the preferred cabling specification for high speed data transmissions. Transmission rates in this cabling specification may reach speeds of up to 1000 Mbps. CAT5 T/100 base cables will provide adequate data transfer for most other applications. Local Area Network (LAN) Topologies In the star topology, instead of having a direct connection to each other, the systems are connected to a central device, such as a network switch or a router. One definite advantage the star topology provides is network stability. For example, in the star topology, when one system goes down, it does not bring the rest of the network down with it as it does in the bus or ring topologies. The star topology is the most prevalent topology in use today. The physical topology of the star network contains six different classifications; namely point-to-point network, ring network, mesh network, bus network, tree network and star network. Of these six, the star network is one of the most commonly utilized network topologies. According to definition, the term ‘star topology‘, refers to a network wherein all the nodes are connected individually to one common hub (Naik, 2011). Simply stated, the stat topology is a network topology wherein transmission stations connect to the central node in a configuration where the design of the network stations resembles the shape of a star. Essentially, the star topology design may be likened to the spokes on a wheel, all connected to the central hub. In this network configuration, the exchange of date is only possible through an indirect connection to the central node; this connects all other nodes to the network. As with various other types of network topologies, the star topology has its own set of particular advantages and disadvantages. These factors require careful consideration in regards to the feasibility of the network setup. When evaluating this topology, careful comparison to other network solutions and consideration of all available options helped to discover which solution would provide Tri-Corp with the best answer to meet their needs. It is very easy to install and manage star network topology because its functionality is the simplest among the topologies. Because all computers rely on the central hub, troubleshooting a star topology network is much easier, therefore, any problem, which leaves the network inoperable, leaves a direct path to the central hub. This feature simplifies troubleshooting by offering a particular spot for error connection and at the same time, the reliance is very high on that single point. In star topology, the data packets do not have to make their way through various nodes; this ensures that the data transfer is fast. Consequently, the fact that the data packets only make it through three different points also guarantees that the data is safe. Because the nodes do not connect to each other, problems in one node do not affect the routine of other nodes in the network. Since all the computers on the network have independent control of their networks and are only dependant on the central hub computer, failures in transmitting data and other possible problems in this area are less likely to occur. You read "Network Design Project It/230 Final Paper" in category "Papers" In addition, if the hub is safe then every computer in the network is safe. This type of network provides more privacy than any other network. Additions, such as new machines or replacing older units are much easier in the star network topology, since the network will not experience any disruption to facilitate changes. The primary problem with star network topology is the fact that it is highly dependent on the central hub functioning properly. Additionally, network size is dependent on the number of connections available on the hub. This network type requires more cable when compared to other topologies, such as linear bus topology. Therefore, the cost and expense of a star topology runs higher and the expenses incurred are relatively high. Since the performance of the total network depends on the performance of the hub, a slow server will cause the entire network to slow down. As mentioned earlier, the star network topology requires more cable to connect the network together than the usual Bus topology. For this particular network setup, the recommendation is to use is the RJ45 or the Ethernet cables. To be specific, this network setup requires a gigabit 48-port switch and CAT6 base T/1000 Ethernet cabling to both the IT and the graphic design department. The other departments will use CAT5 base T/100 cabling. In a Star Network the entire network is dependent on the hub so if the entire network is not working then there could be a problem with the hub. Since all the computers on the network have independent control of their networks and only dependant on the central hub computer, the failures in transmission and other possible problems in this area are less likely. In addition, if the hub is safe then every computer in the network is safe. This type of network also offers more privacy than any other network. A Star Network Topology is best suited for smaller networks like Tri-Corps and works best when there is limited number of nodes. The primary objective is to ensure that Tri-Corps hub or the central node is always functioning and that all extra security features are added to the hub because it s the heart of the network and the stability of the network relies directly on the stability of the central hub. Wide Area Network (WAN) Design Tri-Corps two offices, one in Phoenix and the other in Tucson require a WAN network to effectively communicate and share data and resources. The main office in Phoenix is a large 4-story building with 50 workstations and 10 network printers. The Tucson office has five separate workstations and three network capable printers. The clients use Outlook exchange web server for their email communications and require minimal amounts of data transfers between the offices. Each user requires access to the internet and the shared data stored on the nine clients workstations. Both DSL and cable internet service are available to the clients. The Tucson clients have a cable internet connection with 8mbps max upload and download limit. The physical layout of the Tucson office is a single story design where the workstations are located in five separate offices in a large building; an unused storage closet is located in a central point in between the offices of that building. The current system in the Tucson office uses a non-commercial five-port router; each computer connects to the router through a Cat5 Ethernet connection. The first step is to discover the bandwidth needs and average user loads. Data from Cisco (Boda, 2009) suggests the average broadband connection generates approximately 11. gigabytes of Internet traffic per month. We will use this figure to calculate the bandwidth needs of this company. Calculating with 10 users and a five-day, forty-hour workweek as our model for the Tucson office, we can calculate average daily consumption to be approximately 5. 7 gigabytes per day of bandwidth consumption. The current cable internet allows for 28 gigabytes during an eight-hour period (multiply 8mbps x 3600, t he number of seconds in an eight, hour period, and divide by 1024) should provide a stable connection throughout the day as all ten users are rarely on the network at once. The setup of the Phoenix offices is more complex; they require a T3 connection to accommodate the IT and the Graphic Design departments. The third floor houses the IT department, the first floor houses the reception staff, along with lower level management, the second floor houses the graphic design department, and the fourth floor houses the operations staff while the fifth floor houses upper management. The current system in the Phoenix offices uses a network hub and repeaters. Both the IT and graphic design department complain they do not have sufficient bandwidth to meet their needs. Upper management complains that the system on their floor is too slow. The Tucson offices complain they experience difficulty sending and receiving data and email from the Phoenix offices, and connections time out frequently. The current system in the Tucson offices lacks design and will not allow for additional users or adding network printers. Additionally, aside from the firewall provided by the router, no real network security is in place and the workstations cannot communicate with each other in either location. The Phoenix offices need increased speed and greater bandwidth. Both offices require better communications etween the workstations to increase efficiency. The recommendation for the Tucson offices is to install a server system using Windows server 2003, and a VPN; this office will utilize the star topology, thus allowing for growth and easier diagnostics. In addition, failure of one workstation will not affect the entire network and the speed will be optimal. The server software provides several benefits. Multiple applications are available to run in the Server 2003 environment, including financial apps, database programs, and e-mail exchange operations as well as web server and Internet programs. Domain operations are included in the software, something that will become an important resource by adding security and the ability to the local and group policies of the network. Additionally, if Server 2003 is not utilized as a domain controller, then it can run simple network operations using peer-to-peer structures (Garza, 2010). An extensive amount of shielded twisted pair Cat5 cables will be necessary to connect each workstation and the network capable printers. The VPN system will allow the users to connect remotely to their workstations and the company intranet. The Tucson office will utilize the central closet as a server room. The server will handle all applications and house the data storage. The server will have a connection to a primary switch; this switch will also handle the data transfer between the local PCs of each office. The switch accomplishes two tasks; since connections from one port to another are made on an as needed basis (Axia College, 2005), this will eliminate traffic collisions and create faster point to point connections. The switch will be connected to ports on the private network switch allowing for access to the application and data servers, along with the DNS and Active Directory server. Since the data transfer needs are minimal, the switch does not need Cat6 cabling; Cat5 STP will work, gigabit switches will not be necessary. Security from outside traffic will be enforced by closing the ports to outside traffic. Users will access the internet via an Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) server, which will be connected to the public network. The recommendation for the Phoenix office will also include a new server and the Windows server 2003 platform. Both offices will use the same VPN, however, in the Phoenix offices, only upper management will have access to the VPN from outside the building. The existing network hub will be replaced by T/1000 switches connected to gigabit LAN network interface cards on each of the workstations in the graphic design department as well as those in the IT and upper management. Gigabit LAN adaptors are required on the servers to accommodate the high bandwidth needs of these departments. The reception area, lower management, and Operations will connect to standard switches using a T/100 base, thus eliminating the problem of network congestion in the departments where more bandwidth is required, and limiting the bandwidth where it is not necessary. Cat6 cabling will be utilized on the second, third, and fifth floors to accommodate the bandwidth needs of the high end users. CAT5 cabling will be used throughout the rest of the system and should easily meet the needs of the end users in the other departments. The primary cost of upgrading both systems will be in the cabling; both offices will require an extensive amount of CAT5 and CAT6 networking cables. The server systems and switches will incur the second highest cost; both upgrades are necessary to provide the company with greater ease of use and transitional growth opportunities Updating the current systems and switching to Windows server 2003 will provide both offices with greater stability, efficiency, and increased security. Updating the Phoenix offices from hubs to switches will increase the flow of network traffic and allow for greater communications between both offices and all workstations. The Tucson offices will benefit from less frequent connection time outs and rapid data transfer to and from the Phoenix offices. Additionally, both offices will be more prepared for rapid growth. The Tucson offices will show increased productivity by networking all of the printers. The Phoenix offices will benefit from as the IT department and graphic design will have the necessary bandwidth to meet their needs, while upper management will spend less time waiting on reports and data necessary to make day to day decisions that will affect the company’s long-term growth strategies. Upgrading the current systems is not only a wise decision, it is the only logical decision for a company that is primed to move ahead and take control of the market in its area and expand into more profitable markets in other cities as well. Network Protocols VPN users gain remote access to their LAN through the internet. VPN’s are network links formed by connecting to an ISP and the company LAN. These connections use technologies such as sophisticated packet encryption to secure the data link. This is especially important, as the information is travels across a public network. The advantage of using a public network versus dedicated connections is the cost; many companies take advantage of VPN technology to provide remote access without compromising security. Dial-up networking is the simplest way to connect to the Internet. Computers connect over the phone line using a modem. Users must pay for a subscription to an ISP like AOL. Dial-up connections are much slower than broadband and the speed maxes out at 33. 6 Kbps. Some applications will work with satisfactory results; more and more applications require greater connection speeds even when performing simple tasks such as transferring files. Both applications require user name and password login information; that however, is where the similarities end. VPN users benefit from a secure, encrypted connection that is firewalled from intruders and typically monitored by a network administrator to ensure the privacy of the connection is not compromised. Dial up users connect to a public network and may be susceptible to outside attacks. Network Remote Access Company executives at Tri-Corp have requested a remote access solution as part of their systems upgrade. The company desires its employees to have access to the network from their home PC’s and laptops as a method to help improve productivity and eliminate unnecessary travel and paperwork. The company requests that all upper management be granted unlimited access to all files and network resources and permissions. Additionally, they wish to grant access to all mid-level managers, the operations manager, and the entire graphic design department. Support staff and non-salaried associates desire access to the company site for employee benefits and access to daily reports. Tri-Corps enterprise system runs two servers, one in the main branch located in Phoenix; the other in the support branch located in Tucson. Both branches utilize Microsoft Server 2003 software, and a star topology. Outlook is among the programs that are most widely used by the executive branch, Publisher and Adobe Illustrator top the list among the graphic design department. Operations use a simple data storage program that breaks down cost and projects business forecasts. Tri-Corp believes their company will function more efficiently by granting its employees remote access to their server systems. Whereas it is true remote access does provide many companies with a proven method to retrieve data from remote locations and offers their users a chance to complete necessary tasks on the go, Tri-Corp will be at risk; remote access also offers intruders a way in to Tri-Corps secure data. If these vulnerabilities expose the company to exploitation, the damage may prove to be irreparable. Companies who plan to use a remote access solution need careful planning to protect their data and avoid unwanted attacks by unauthorized users. Therefore, the question lays, â€Å"Should Tri-Corp use Dial-Up or VPN to complete their remote access solution? The first step is user control; it is imperative to control which users can access the network from outside the company. Network access should be granted only for users who need it; the likelihood is that not everyone is likely to need network access from outside the company. Whether Tri-Corp decides to use Dial-Up or VPN they must set up remote access accounts for remote users that are separate from their normal accounts, and make these accounts more restrictive than their normal LAN accounts (Axia, 2006). The company executives may believe this security measure to be impractical; however, this strategy is vital, particularly for users who normally have broad security clearance (Axia, 2006). The advantage of using Dial-Up is the Dial-back feature. Dial-back is a feature whereby you securely enter the phone number of the system from which users are calling (Axia, 2006). Users requesting remote access from a fixed location such as a private residence are ideally suited for a Dial-Up remote access connection with the dial-back feature. Once these users connect, they dial the system, request access, and then the remote access system terminates the connection and dials the preprogrammed phone number to make the real connection (Axia, 2006). The home based computer then answers the call and proceeds to a normal connection. This service offers greater security for home based users because any other user who may attempt to gain access will not be allowed access with this feature enabled. One more key advantage of a dial-up remote access server (RAS); RAS solutions require employees to onnect to the corporate network via a direct telephone call to modem banks installed at the network edge (â€Å"Remote Access Vpn Solutions†,  2000). Three key differences separate dial-up and VPN architectures; the first being that direct dial-up does not utilize the internet to avoid incurring long distance phone charges. Next, the corporation setting up the dial-up connection is responsible for providing modem banks (modem bank s are similar to network hubs or switches). Finally, encryption technologies are not required because the network traffic passes through non-shared links. Undoubtedly, granting remote access may increase productivity and effectiveness by giving employees direct access to information from anywhere in the world. One primary example is email access; this factor alone makes a big difference for employees that are constantly on the go and rely on email to communicate from remote locations. The business benefits of using a VPN delivers several advantages versus RAS solutions. VPNs offer two distinct cost advantages; first, Internet connections, which are typically local calls, are much less expensive than toll free or long distance dial-up connections. This consideration typically is what convinces most organizations to apply a VPN rather than an RAS solution. Secondly, the equipment cost of purchasing and maintaining a VPN is much more cost effective than standard RAS equipment. Installation and use of VPN’s may yield a cost savings of up to 70 percent over a standard RAS system. Comparatively, most companies discover that remote access VPNs pay for themselves in cost savings in a relatively short period. By way o f contrast, RAS systems only incur greater cost throughout the course of time, especially if upgrades or adding more users is necessary. The amount of access available is dependent on the scaling system and how the VPN distributes the client’s software. Scaling a remote access may also necessitate increased bandwidth of the company’s Internet connection. As soon as the VPN gateway is operational, the company may change the scaling system to support anywhere from a few hundred to tens of thousands of users. The option of scaling for RAS solutions is not as trouble-free and requires the use of additional hardware and adding phone lines. The widespread use of broadband Internet service now offers VPN clients an inexpensive solution to connect corporate networks by utilizing the World Wide Web to connect from outside the company walls without losing speed and compromising security. This is a very attractive option for mobile users in particular. Dial-up solutions do not always provide the same security and ease of use as this option. In some cases dial-up solutions may very well remain the best solution; many company’s still employ this solution as part of their remote access services for their fixed locations. With proper maintenance, this solution will still serve the needs of a smaller client base. However, if the client base grows rapidly and significantly, they may soon overload the RAS system and discover they need to move on to a different solution. The recommendation for Tri-Corp is to utilize a VPN solution. However, the executive branch will utilize the dial-up service from their fixed locations, such as their place of residence. This will offer greater security by using the dial-back feature to ensure the user is not an unauthorized intruder. This will also remain cost effective as the executive staff numbers only eight individuals. Graphic design, operations, and the rest of the support staff will gain access through the VPN software in Microsoft’s Server 2003 package. However, each department will only have access to the resources that are consistent with their job requirements. Operations will have access to the database and Outlook; the graphic design department will have access to their saved projects files and Outlook. The support staff will only have access to the company human resources sites and limited access to non-confidential company information. The key elements of a successful remote access implementation will include security, performance, high availability, and client management. A meeting with the Tri-Corp company will outline and clearly define their specific requirements in each key area to discover the solution that will serve the company’s needs. Utilizing both dial-up and VPN solutions will offer this company the best of both worlds; security and performance as well as greater productivity and performance without the need for incurring greater cost. Network Business Applications The recommended applications for Tri-Corp will include Microsoft’s Office Professional suite and the Microsoft Server 2003 software for the local servers. Outlook will replace the exchange server provided by Microsoft. This will provide Tri-Corp with more flexibility and aid in the ease of adding new email user accounts. POP3 and SMPT will require proper configuration to enable this service. In addition to the Enterprise system upgrades, Tri-Corp needs to design and implement a disaster recovery plan and review system security policies. While some disasters are unavoidable and vary in type and magnitude, system security attacks are avoidable when companies enforce their information policies and protect their resources. Tri-Corps offices may contain vulnerabilities because they offer remote access to company data to many employees in both locations. Network Security We will first address the issue of Enterprise Security and best practices. Microsoft has developed a four-part checklist, which focuses on the following key points: Assessing the environment, protecting the network, protecting servers and clients, and finally, monitoring the environment (Microsoft 2011). Using this guide will help increase Tri-Corps security and reduce the risk of outside attacks. Assessing the environment requires learning all of the components within the infrastructure. Tri-Corp needs to identify all assets and security issues while continually monitoring the quality of the security program (Microsoft 2011). Their first step will be to partner upper management with the IT staff so they may both focus on establishing an ongoing process to classify and examine all security risks. Failure to establish this vital communication will absolutely place the company at risk with the largest security problems. Next, protecting the network; Tri-Corps server system will utilize both Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption, and a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to aid in maintaining network security. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption is one of the leading technologies used today to secure web sites, intranets, extranets, and other server-based applications (IT Observer, 2009). Using SSL along with special server digital certificates will provide the security handshake and the data encryption to prevent eavesdropping and secure the integrity of data transmissions (IT Observer, 2009). Although SSL and PKI will help provide network security, additional security measures are necessary to protect the servers and clients. Tri-Corps server will utilize a software firewall such as Zone-Alarm, and must maintain up to date anti-virus and Trojan protection software such as Kasperksy, Norton, or McAfee. Next, the IT department must ensure every security patch for all operating systems and applications are applied as soon as they become available. The final focus point in network security, monitoring the environment, entails the weakest link in all network security, people. Monitoring the environment is more than watching and reacting; Tri-Corp must establish a proactive strategy to audit the network and discover poor practices and configurations. Password rules are a primary example; passwords must contain both upper and lowercase characters and one symbol. Only secure messaging through company provided and monitored email accounts will be allowed, no instant messaging or chat rooms; all emails must pass a virus scan before the recipient will be granted access to view the message. With a detailed information policy in place, proper training, consistent, proactive monitoring, Tri-Corp will protect its data and avoid the mess and disruption of security leaks. Once this policy is in place, Tri-Corp will need to move on to its disaster recovery plan. Tri-Corps needs to have a disaster recovery plan in place, to return to normal after disaster has struck. Defining disaster means an abrupt disruption of all or part of its business operations, which may directly result in revenue loss (Cisco, 2008). To reduce disaster losses, it is imperative to have a first-rate disaster recovery plan for every business subsystem and operation within Tri-Corps walls. Backup and Disaster Recovery Every time a business encounters a disaster, the company always points to one or more causes and effects. The causes may be anticipated, or a result of human, or mechanical origin, and can range from events as miniscule as a minor hardware or software components malfunctioning to commonly recognized events such as earthquakes, fire, and flood (Cisco, 2009). These disasters may cause small interruptions or may lead to total business shutdown for days or months. Occasionally, these disasters have proven to be fatal to unprepared businesses. Forming a disaster recovery plan begins by recognizing the root cause and effect, followed by a detailed analysis of probability and severity, and ranking them in terms of their business priority. The outcome is an official evaluation of threat and a disaster recovery plan that takes into account all available recovery means. In simpler terms, Tri-Corps IT staff needs to determine what types of disasters are most likely to occur and rank them in order of probability. Afterwards, Tri-Corp must create an action plan that encompasses detailed steps to return business to a state of normalcy in the event of the given disaster. Finally, Tri-Corp must form a Disaster Recovery Committee to assume responsibility for rehearsing, carrying out, and improving the disaster recovery plan on a continual basis. Tri-Corps disaster recovery plan must include a data backup plan in the event the company’s database is compromised. The recommendation is to use IBM’s Tivoli software. IBM’s backup and recovery service provides companies with a backup and disaster recovery solution that includes cloud backup, remote office, unified recovery, and virtual server protection. Their Tivoli Storage Manager received the 2011 CRN Channel Champions Award because of the quality, reliability, support, and scalability of their solution. Many other companies offer backup and disaster recovery solutions, however, based on my research IBM offers the most complete and reliable solution. IBM’s backup and recovery service provides companies with a proven solution for managing their storage needs with a central backup solution. This service uses smart data movement and smart data store technology; together, these technologies complete backups and restores quickly and efficiently while still providing the client with the flexibility to change and adapt. Additionally, the IBM Tivoli suite of storage products supports more than a dozen OS platforms, along with several network connectors, and more than 500 storage devices. (Art W Meyer,  2011,  para. 2,4) Using these two key components will ensure Tri-Corp will complete the necessary preparation to survive disaster and avoid external attacks. Additionally, this plan will ensure that the resources required to keep the business going are available to key personnel. The questions regarding what to do, how to do it, and the ever- present need for communication to critical data is a key component in maintaining Tri-Corps success. However, no amount of planning provides the desired effect without a thorough understanding of the organization and its inner workings. Tri-Corp must incorporate its processes, people, and systems with precise, exacting detail to aid in a seamless transition. Following the preceding recommendations will help assure Tri-Corp does not fail because of ignorance. This recommendation will protect Tri-Corps valuable data assets and help the company to keep moving forward. References . Axia College. (2005). Networking, a Beginners Guide, Fourth Edition. Retrieved from Axia College, IT/230 website Axia College. (2005). Networking, a Beginners Guide, Fourth Edition. Retrieved from Axia College, IT/230 website Agility Recovery Solutions. (2009). Retrieved from http://blog. agilityrecovery. com/disaster-recovery?   k=disaster%20recovery%20solutionsamp;_kt=b63adcc1-e0cf-4e52-b042-bbffd8dddc96 Art W Meyer. (2011). Backup and Disaster Recovery. Retrieved from Art W Meyer, IT/230 website Backup and Recovery. (ND). Retrieved from http://www-01. ibm. com/software/tivoli/solutions/backup/ Backup amp; Recovery. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. sonicwall. com/us/products/Backup_Recovery. html Boda, K. (2009). Forums gt; Cisco: Average Connection Consumes 11. 4 GB Per Month. Retrieved from http://www. dslreports. com/shownews/Cisco-Average-Connection-Consumes-114-GB-Per-Month-105086 Cisco. (2008). Disaster Recovery: Best Practices. Retrieved How to cite Network Design Project It/230 Final Paper, Papers

Another form of therapy Essay Example For Students

Another form of therapy Essay The play one flew over the cuckoos nest is set in the 1950s. In the 1950s the treatment and care for those who were mentally ill was not at its best, possibly at an all time low. There were a huge number of the old style mental hospitals that were still applying treatment such as shock therapy, psychotropic drugs and lobotomies. Community care was bought in but it failed to come into many of the hospitals, and the long-term patients were mistreated and undermined. However, the abuse of these patients did not go unnoticed. The government started to make small steps in an effort to help, particularly in 1953 when the government set aside millions to help refurbish the homes that the patients lived in, and they did it again in 1954-1957 when the government reconsidered and changed the laws on how mentally ill should be treated and viewed, but few actually made any change. By bringing out this play the audience had a chance to identify with McMurphy and it gave the audience a unique look into the terrible things that happened behind the closed doors of the institutions. When people watched this play and saw the hospitals through a patients (McMurphy) eyes, their views were influenced by the themes and dramatic devices used in this play. One of the major themes in this play is power. As soon as McMurphy is introduced onto the ward, we see his power by over throwing Harding well, you tell bull goose loony Harding that R. P McMurphy is waitin to see him and this nut-house aint big enough for the two of us. McMurphy looks to control the patients and have them all look up to him; however the only person that the patients are influenced by is Nurse Ratchet. This immediately causes a divide between the two characters as we see their personalities will determine a clash. Throughout the play McMurphys character grows in understanding of the how wrong the institutions are, and he eventually uses his power repeatedly to overthrow Nurse Ratchet in an attempt to save the other patients on the ward, we even see him pretending to be insane by watching a TV that isnt even on, just so that he can triumph over Nurse Ratchet. We also see chief Bromdens silent power, at the end of act 1 of one flew over the cuckoos nest. His power is shown by using dramatic devices such as asides and lighting rather than a spotlight part in the play. A single shaft of light is shone onto the seemingly meaningless character of Chief Bromden, while all the other characters fade out. In the play McMurphy symbolises the audiences feelings and hopefully how they would react against the cruelty of the patients lives an institutionalised miserable routine. One of the most impacting themes of this play is institutionalisation. The patients that live in the mental institute have all their rights taken away from them and any chance to have independence. Nurse Ratchet takes away their independence completely destroys their chance of going back into society. She appears to think that because the patients have a mental illness they cant do anything for themselves. Warren, you might start by getting poor Mr. Bromden shaved as head nurse, Nurse Ratchet should interact with patients and do everything in her power that theyre in a mental institution, but she looks down on the patients, undermining and breaking them down every chance she gets. McMurphy notices this, and in his first therapy circle and tries to say something to Harding about it, say buddy, is this the way these leetle meeting usually go? Bunch of chickens at a pecking party? he sees how Nurse Ratchet picks at the patients opening wounds for the others to dive in and take advantage of, but he cant understand why patients like Harding stand being bullied. Harding definitely stands by Nurse Ratchet and he argues with McMurphy until the saddening realisation becomes reality and he breaks down. Out miss Ratchet is the kindest, sweetest the most benevolent women I have that I have ever .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 , .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .postImageUrl , .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 , .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212:hover , .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212:visited , .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212:active { border:0!important; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212:active , .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bird Imagery In Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man EssayOh the bitch, bitch. This display of emotions shows the effect of institutionalisation on even the boldest and strongest of characters, their own morals and principles are taken away and replaced by a routine. The height of institutionalisation is shocking as we see the silliest rules being put into place, such as they are not allowed to brush their teeth when they want to we dont open that cabinet till six forty-five. The influence Nurse Ratchet and this routine have on them is unbelievable, they no longer think for themselves and the second Nurse Ratchet calls them, they are at her feet, like trained dogs. We see this symbolised when they are playing a game of cards. Nurse Ratchet calls over the loud speaker that there is a group meeting and like programmed robots in the middle of the game of cards, they get up and move the tables aside, they carry their chairs across the room while McMurphy sits angry and confused. In this part of the play, the play makes us identify with McMurphy through an emotional bond that slowly develops between the audience and McMurphy. The audience sympathises in this instant and can feel his anger at the treatment that these patients are given, and how blind they are to it. The play uses dramatic devices such as the electric box to symbolise freedom and how McMurphy strives for it. As he fails to pick up the box and free the patients his pain can be felt in the words, at least I tried goddamit, at least I tried as we see that McMurphy is truly trying to help these patients and give them a reason to fight against the cruelty they are suffering. Another theme repeatedly raised in this play is rebellion. Using rebellion McMurphy was laying down his life on the line for these other patients, though he did not know it, and the patients began to look at him in awe. McMurphys death is used as a dramatic device because the audience sees his will to rebel through betting and fighting followed by his attempt to conform when he believes he might lose something himself. But in the end his heart overrides his selfishness and he gives all he can to save the ward, even his life. Seeing this show of compassion makes the audience identify with McMurphy because his decision to give his life wasnt as we would expect. This decision seems to give McMurphy a whole different level; he is the wards saviour, and to the audience evens maybe a hero. Throughout this play we see McMurphy symbolising Jesus. We also see McMurphy refer to himself as Jesus now I see why you are looking at me like Jesus Q Christ. One of the times he used Jesus was when we saw that Ruckly, he lives his life crucified after his lobotomy he wont move until you pull out the nails, perhaps this forewarning McMurphys almost predictable future. He again represents Jesus before having shock treatment do I get a crown of thorns. He even represents Jesus in death, as he is dead inside after his lobotomy treatment, which reflects Jesus being crucified and dying, therefore overthrowing Nurse Ratchet so he doesnt have to live under her power, which reflects Jesus rising from the dead and rescuing man kind from their sins. Each time McMurphy rebels, something that should be treated as treatment according to the institute, Nurse Ratchet treats as punishment and punishes him. This also brings up the theme of treatment vs. punishment, whether the patients are being treated or punished for the illnesses they have. There is a fine line that can be drawn between treatment and punishment but are the institutes going over this thin line in forms of treatments to punishments? Another one of the themes that is raised in this play is human rights. The mental institute is a place where all the human rights and equalities are stripped, all the nurses are women, all the helpers are black and the mentally ill are imprisoned from society and punished instead of treated. I have observed a definite deterioration of discipline since he arrived. Perhaps another form of therapy .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 , .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .postImageUrl , .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 , .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499:hover , .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499:visited , .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499:active { border:0!important; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499:active , .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Level English Literature EssayAgain we see Nurse Ratchet attempting to punish rather than treat. We also see how Nurse Ratchet takes their freedom of speech if you wish to speak you must first be recognised and Nurse Ratchet bullies them into saying things and the audience can identify with Nurse Ratchet because people have come across bullying once or twice in their lifetime. By rebelling against Nurse Ratchet, McMurphy is the person who stands up to the bully (Nurse Ratchet), and the audience can identify with McMurphy because they might look up to him as if they were a child in a school play ground. This play made me identify with McMurphy because I could see everything from the point of view from a person that is inside a mental institution. I could see these patients from a same level of perspective as McMurphy; because he is sane, and that means I can relate to the patients therefore allowing me to see the world through their eyes. This play put the scale of institutionalisation in to perspective for me and maybe the rest of the audience, because it put you inside the play using McMurphy.

Modernism Essays - Architectural Design, Architectural Theory

Modernism . Introduction [ ] Print section [ ] Modern Art , painting, sculpture, and other forms of 20th-century art. Although scholars disagree as to precisely when the modern period began, they mostly use the term modern art to refer to art of the 20th century in Europe and the Americas, as well as in other regions under Western influence. The modern period has been a particularly innovative one. Among the 20th century's most important contributions to the history of art are the invention of abstraction (art that does not imitate the appearance of things), the introduction of a wide range of new artistic techniques and materials, and even the redefinition of the boundaries of art itself. This article covers some of the theories used to interpret modern art, the origins of modern art in the 19th century, and its most important characteristics and modes of expression. Modern art comprises a remarkable diversity of styles, movements, and techniques. The wide range of styles encompasses the sharply realistic painting of a Midwestern farm couple by Grant Wood, entitled American Gothic (1930, Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois), and the abstract rhythms of poured paint in Black and White (1948, private collection), by Jackson Pollock. Yet even if we could easily divide modern art into representational works, like American Gothic, and abstract works, like Black and White, we would still find astonishing variety within these two categories. Just as the precisely painted American Gothic is representational, Willem de Kooning's Marilyn Monroe (1954, private collection) might also be considered representational, although its broad brushstrokes merely suggest the rudiments of a human body and facial features. Abstraction, too, reveals a number of different approaches, from the dynamic rhythms of Pollock's Black and White to the right-angled geometry of Comp osition with Red, Yellow, and Blue (1937-1942, Tate Gallery, London) by Dutch painter Piet Mondrian , whose lines and rectangles suggest the mechanical precision of the machine-made. Other artists preferred an aesthetic of disorder, as did German artist Kurt Schwitters, who mixed old newspapers, stamps, and other discarded objects to create Picture with Light Center (1919, Museum of Modern Art, New York City). Thus 20th-century art displays more than stylistic diversity. It is in the modern period that artists have made paintings not only of traditional materials such as oil on canvas, but of any material available to them. This innovation led to developments that were even more radical, such as conceptual art and performance art?movements that expanded the definition of art to include not just physical objects but ideas and actions as well. [ ] II. Characteristics of Modern Art [ ] Print section [ ] In view of this diversity, it is difficult to define modern art in a way that includes all of 20th-century Western art. For some critics, the most important characteristic of modern art is its attempt to make painting and sculpture ends in themselves, thus distinguishing modernism from earlier forms of art that had conveyed the ideas of powerful religious or political institutions. Because modern artists were no longer funded primarily by these institutions, they were freer to suggest more personal meanings. This attitude is often expressed as art for art's sake, a point of view that is often interpreted as meaning art without political or religious motives. But even if religious and government institutions no longer commissioned most art, many modern artists still sought to convey spiritual or political messages. Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky , for instance, felt that color combined with abstraction could express a spiritual reality beneath ordinary appearances, while German pai nter Otto Dix created openly political works that criticized policies of the German government. Another theory claims that modern art is by nature rebellious and that this rebellion is most evident in a quest for originality and a continual desire to shock. The term avant-garde, which is often applied to modern art, comes from a French military term meaning advance guard, and suggests that what is modern is what is new, original, or cutting-edge. To be sure, many artists in the 20th century tried to redefine what art means, or attempted to expand the definition of art to include concepts, materials, or techniques that were never before associated with art. In 1917, for example, French artist Marcel Duchamp exhibited everyday, mass-produced, utilitarian

Routing Protocol and Research Lab Network Essay Example

Routing Protocol and Research Lab Network Essay Example Routing Protocol and Research Lab Network Essay Routing Protocol and Research Lab Network Essay The genome4u is a scientific study project at a large university that is intended to provide an order of the genomes of a hundred thousand volunteers. This genome lab setup has various amounts of routing protocols, in which the task would be getting the protocols interlinked so that design can be changed. The different Cisco switches represent the various VLANs that can be configured for the different project teams in the lab (Oppenheimer, 2005).Router-EIGRPs are the internal routers of the research lab network. Router-EIGRP/OSPFs and Router-EIGRP/RIPs are the routers that are at the Fundraising office interface and the Biology lab interface respectively. The file servers are where the volunteer’s data files will be stored. The design will now spread apart similar data to travel across it from different internet connections. With the change of routing protocols to the EIGR, a lot of traffic can be sent across that routing channel. This routing protocol can run on most software and can be serviced easily.It is also quick to install. EIGRP reduces both the routing insecurity caused by topology change and the use of bandwidth for the routers. EIGRP enabled routers will redistribute route information to IGRP neighbors, providing a loop-free mechanism and fast convergence (Medhi amp; Ramasamy, 2007). The various network segments will understand route segments depending on the protocol which is configured on them. Since the network has multiple routing protocols present, route redistribution will take place.This will help to spread the knowledge in a way that is recognized by other network segments. Routes learned by EIGRP will be redistributed into RIP and vice versa, by using a default metric or simply define a metric specific for every redistribution (Lathem et el, 2006). The first step would be to change over the routing protocol after that has been handled. Then configure the EIGRP routing and make ensure that the internet access can function through that setup. After the internet access is confirmed to be working, other labs and offices can be connected to the network.Once that is complete all data can be moved across the connections to all the laboratories and offices. The data that will be distributed on the EIGRP protocol will be all the sensitive information. This is because by using such protocol, security mechanism can be easily implemented so that it is hard to interrupt that protocol. The OSPF protocol will handle the security of any high priority information such as payroll document. The RIP connection is not equipped to hold anything confidential because of the lack of a security feature.The main problems to encounter will be an RIP security issue. However, the insecurity can be solved by using the RIP protocol for information that is less sensitive to the network design (Lathem et el, 2006). Similarly, when the information is redistributed, the traffic may be overwhelming. But the network administrators will have to divi de the traffic so that all the routers can each carry their weight of the information. The problems with the flow of traffic will be fixed and distributed through the routers.Each router will be used for certain information and that way the routers will not be overworked. Also the security will be set up so that all confidential information goes through those securities enabled routing protocol. Internet will be purchased internet from the best vendor nearby like Verizon. In the design a router will be installed in each office and lab, then configure them to operate on the network with appropriate security configuration. Finally, the internet connection would come from those routers and all the labs and offices would run on that service.References Oppenheimer, P. (2005). Top-down network design. Indianapolis, Ind. : Hemel Hempstead: Cisco Press ; Prentice Hall. - Top of Form Medhi, D. , amp; Ramasamy, K. (2007). Network routing: Algorithms, protocols, and architectures. Amsterdam: E lsevier/Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. - Top of Form Lathem, C. , Dinerman, B. , amp; Hansen, L. (2006). Configuring SonicWALL firewalls. Rockland, Mass: Syngress. Bottom of Form Bottom of Form

The Last Supper Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Last Supper - Research Paper Example For centuries, Jesus Christ is the most prominent religious figure. His life is mostly chronicled in the Bible and a historical account of Tacitus mentioned about the death of Christus in the hands of Pontius Pilatus (Canfield 144).Prior to his death, Christ and his disciples were recorded to have the supper before Passover and this later on would be one of the important events not only in the history of Christianity but will also shape the sociological, cultural and political history of the world. Immortalized in painting as early as the 1300s (Dyas 139), the famous scene depicting the last meal of Jesus Christ with his disciples was rendered in varied styles by artists from different art genres. Two of the most famous versions of the last supper were Last Supper created by Renaissance painter Leonardo Da Vinci (Kleiner 582) and the painting by Mannerist Jacopo Robusti generally known as Tintoretto with the same title created in 1594 (615). Differences can be observed immediately up on viewing the two last supper paintings. Both paintings vary mainly because the two painters belong to different periods and relatively, the social, political and cultural situations during their respective times had influenced Da Vinci and Tintoretto in creating their renditions of the last supper.Aside from the surrounding conditions during the era of the two artists, a close comparison of the two versions with the Biblical accounts about the famous last meal would enlighten as which artist had depicted the scene exactly or was close enough to what really transpired during the night before the Passover. Probing on the accuracy of the two paintings, may demystify the misconceptions regarding the last supper which in recent times had largely influenced the social, political and cultural beliefs. An example of which is the controversial story about the last supper in Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown. A fresco made for the church refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Italy, Da Vinciâ₠¬â„¢s Last Supper measures 13 feet and 9 inches by 29 feet and 10 inches (4.2 meters by 8.9 meters), oil and tempera on the plaster wall were used by the artist (Kleiner 582). The symmetrical painting depicts Jesus Christ at the center of the tabl

Strategic Marketing Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Marketing Planning - Essay Example However, during the last 20 years, this industry has been experiencing a rapid decline. Declining industries were once growth industries but a continuing fall in demand for their products has resulted in their decline. The steel industry is typical of the British decline in the manufacturing sector. This industry was in a position of supremacy in the 1870's but by 1910-14 British output had fallen behind that of the United States and Germany (Pope, 1998:24). Whilst annual output averaged 7 million tonnes, Germany was averaging 15 million tonnes and the United States averaging 27 million (Pope, 1998: 24). The US and German producers benefited from home markets protected by tariffs. A guaranteed home market, especially one dominated by huge corporations like US Steel or cartels, encouraged investment in large scale integrated plants utilising the latest technology. These plants gave the US and German producers a competitive edge. However the British industry comprised of mainly modest sized family firms, lacking the capital resources or the market to justify investment in the latest, large-scale and integrated plants (Pope, 1998: 24). Western Europe accounts for more than 60% of total steel production; with North America accounting for 50% and Japan for about 80% of steel production. Nevertheless the industry is still fragmented and even with the creation of the Mittal Steel Company the top 5 producers in the world account for fewer than 25% of global steel production. By contrast, the top 5 iron ore producers account for about 90% of the global iron ore market; in the automotive sector, the 5 biggest players account for about 65% of market share (Varin, 2005: 4). Although the UK steel industry has made great strides to become internationally competitive, and is on a par with the most efficient producers in Europe, the depreciation of the euro since its launch at the beginning of 1999 has undermined the viability of UK manufacturing. To offset its price disadvantage, UK manufacturing has sourced semi-finished products increasingly from overseas. In addition, UK distributors have increasingly purchased finished goods from abroad. As a result of these developments, steel in imported goods is now the biggest source of steel used in the UK, representing nearly 40% of UK steel consumption, against 25% in 1989 ( Hickman, 2001:11). As a result of increased import penetration largely via the steel content of finished and semi-finished goods, the steel demand chain in the UK is under pressure. UK mill products now satisfy little more than one third of total UK consumption. The competitiveness of UK mill products has inevitably been affected by sterling's strength, and the mill product share of total consumption has fallen from 53% to 35% over the past decade. Imported mill products rose by 36% in the ten years to 1999, but this was a much slower rise than the 68% rise of steel contained in imported goods (Hickman, 2001:11). This sharp rise reflects moves by manufacturers of consumer goods to produce increasingly in locations where labour and energy costs are cheapest. There is clearly a growing threat to the steel i ndustry from a contracting customer base, as the UK manufacturing sector continues to suffer from global competition, and an over-valued pound. This is illustrated by the performance of the main markets for steel.

Health and safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health and safety - Essay Example We specialize in manufacturing and supplying all kinds of chemicals for retail and mass consumption, and have been doing so for the last 60 years. Our biggest clients are industries which use most of our products, but retail consumption also forms a significant component of our corporate strategy. We produce organic and industrial chemicals, ceramic products, petrochemicals, agrochemicals, polymers, elastomers, explosives (including ammonium nitrate and nitroglycerin), oleochemicals, fragrances, and flavors. We have a presence in 16 countries, with our biggest markets being the United States and Canada, although Latin America also contributes greatly to our overall growth and success. Because of our sheer size, we employ over 20,000 workers in the 16 countries in which we have a presence. These workers perform a wide range of duties ranging from casual labor to administrative work. Others are also employed in the supply and distribution segment, playing a crucial role in taking our p roducts to our customers. Over the last two years we have embarked on an ambitious expansion program that has helped us to not only grow existing markets but also push into new markets and frontiers. The program has been a huge success considering that only the first phase has been implemented. We intend to roll out the second and final phase in the next month and finish its implementation in two years. Statement of Intent First, I already mentioned that our company manufactures chemicals for industrial and retail consumption. It is well known that chemicals, especially industrial chemicals, are not only very volatile and dangerous, but also highly sensitive. They can cause great damage if mishandled in any way or stored in a manner that makes them more hazardous than they already are. Workers are also predisposed to the dangers of these chemicals since they are the ones charged with handling them during manufacturing, packaging, storage, and distribution. Those workers who do not c ome into contact with these chemicals are also vulnerable indirectly because they spend some time around them. I must say that since we are primarily a manufacturing company, the working conditions of our employees are critical to the success of our business. More importantly, the health and safety conditions of our employees form the backbone of current and future success of the company. We have put in place measures that comply with the requirements of various government agencies like OSHA (occupational safety and health administration), NISH (national institute for occupational safety and health), and the chemical safety board. In addition to this, we regularly cooperate with the aforementioned agencies in order to ensure that we are constantly in compliance with the necessary regulations. This has enabled the company to consistently score highly in industry ratings that are published every year, and used to classify those companies that have best complied with health and safety requirements and made their plants and workplaces safe for all their employees. From a health and safety perspective, the company considers the following things important: a) Safe Working Conditions Our employees are our most valued assets, and therefore we know it would be foolish to let them work in poor and unsafe conditions. We are focused on making our employees feel as comfortable as possible (despite the potential dangers in their

Is the UK welfare state in crisis?

Is the UK welfare state in crisis? Since the British Welfare state materialized in 1945, the debate on how to reform it has never ceased. In the first 25 years after it was introduced, the debate concerned how to increase its scope and abolish means-tested benefits. Then, after the economic crisis in the 1970s, the aim was on how to trim it back. Now, the future of the welfare state itself it the subject of fierce debate. In this essay I will begin with a history of the UK Welfare State and how it came about, before analysing a few of the key elements of the welfare state which will help me decide whether the welfare state is in crisis. I will then finish with a conclusion with my thoughts and views, verbalised. The narrow definition of the welfare state comprises two types of government spending; (1) cash benefits to households such as transfers and income insurance and (2) subsidies or direct government provision of human services such as pre-schooling, education, child care, health care and old age care. The broader definition of welfare state includes housing policies, price regulation, job security legislation and environmental policies1. The purpose of the welfare state is to create economic equality or to assure equitable standards of living for all2, to protect British people from unemployment3, and to encourage the provision of the social services on the same basis as the public services such as roads and libraries4. However, there are differing opinions as to whether the objective of the welfare state is a simple one, as John G. Francis states the purpose is to allocate public funds In order to secure certain minimum life support services for those most in need and to construct a c omprehensive set of social and economic policies designed to realize a certain vision of society.5 Morris Janowitz, on the other hand, paints a more minimal portrait of the welfare state: the welfare state rests on the political assumption that the well-being of its citizens is enhanced not only by allocations derived from their occupations and the marketplace but also grants regulated by the central government. He explains that in addition to the government provisions of benefits for its citizens, there are two further elements in his conception of a welfare state: (1) parliamentary regime determination of resource allocation and (2) the recognition of the states right to intervene in order to create the conditions under which citizens can pursue their goals. The welfare state was developed primarily by William Beveridge. In 1941, the British government commissioned a report into the ways Britain should be rebuilt after the Second World War, mainly how improvements could be made to the system of providing sickness and unemployment insurance. Beveridge was the obvious candidate to compile the blueprints for the welfare state due to his book on Unemployment: A Problem of Industry in 1909, in which he argued that full employment could be obtained if industry was not constrained by over regulation.7 In 1942 as the war reached its height, he produced his report The Report on Social Insurance and proposed that all people of working age should pay a weekly national insurance contribution where benefits would be paid to the sick, unemployed and retired and thus provide a minimum standard of living for all citizens.8 He also identified five giant evils that plagued society and could be tackled: Want (today we call it poverty) by establishing a comprehensive social security system Disease by establishing a new health service Idleness by the state aiming for full employment Ignorance by reforming the education system Squalor by a new house building and slum clearance programme9 The first of Beveridges proposals came into effect before WW2 ended. In 1944 the Ministry of National Insurance was set up before the Family Allowances Act was passed a year later.11 Reactions to the report were positive: It gave me a feeling there was something to work for and fight for after all and that our efforts might be rewarded by some real social improvement, giving means to the phrase winning the peace. (Royal Artillery, male, 29) Its the goods! All the yearnings, hopes, dreams and theories of socialists for the past half century have been crystallized into a practical economic formula. Equity for the lowest common denominator I was staggered by its comprehension. (Insurance clerk, male, 39, Newport) I am aware of a new feeling of confidence in myself as a member of a democratic society when I see those social reforms which I have considered necessary for such long time actually taking shape. (Accountant, male, 40, Prestwick) 12 Such positive reaction, though not all positive, led to a landslide victory for Clement Attlee and his Labour Party and he decided to seize upon Beveridges proposals as a basis for radical action, and proceeded to implement many social policies, which became known as the Welfare State. Attlees hope was to have Beveridges plan in force by 1948, but in a time when Britain was suffering from the severe conditions of post-war Britain, it did not have the money to pay flat rate benefits that would keep people out of poverty.13 The National Assistance act which was passed in 1948 played a bigger role in improving poverty than Beveridge had planned and because the idea of basing entitlement on contributions through national insurance was flawed, it meant many people, in particular women, were excluded from the system. Another act which passed was the National Health Service Act 1946, which came into effect on 5th of July 1948 and created the National Health Service in England and Wales.14 A fter the landslide victory for Labour in 1945, Aneurin Bevan was appointed minister of health, responsible for establishing the National Health Service. Since there was already a free, compulsory state education service, the people of Britain now probably had the most comprehensive Welfare State system in the world.15 The question of whether the UK welfare is in crisis is one that has been asked before. The welfare state in the 1970s was claimed to be in crisis with oil price shocks and increasing food prices adding pressure on the economy and leading to a rise in unemployment. Though the causes sharp reductions in output by OPEC and exchange rate fluctuations were said to be external to the welfare state 16, there still continues to be a debate over not just whether the welfare state is in crisis but also if it is sustainable. The first area I will tackle is state benefits. As of September 2009, there were 2.7million people claiming incapacity benefits in the UK17 and with reports stating that less than a third of these claimants are legitimate18, it begs the question that are the standards of the UK health service so inadequate that more people than ever are incapacitated? The simple answer is the majority of these people are simply work-shy19. Michael Portillo of the Sunday Times pointed out the intentions of the Welfare Stare was to prevent this abuse of the system by the work shy20: The state should not stifle incentive, opportunity, responsibility, wrote Sir William Beveridge in the 1942 report that inspired the post-war welfare state. In establishing a national minimum it should leave room and encouragement for voluntary action by each individual to provide more than that minimum for himself and his family. These work shy people are forcing the tax burden on the hard working families and as a result, taxpayers have spent  £346bn on payments to those out work since Tony Blair entered Downing Street. He goes onto say It might have been possible for the state to fine tune benefits when every claimant was known to the local poor law guardians. It is much more difficult today in systems that are nationalised and standardised, before concluding, we ought to assume that fit young people are not entitled to anything. If a few young men from sink estates are now heroes in Afghanistan, why should we presume that all the others are capable of nothing useful at all? Some believe such a centrally planned benefits system is bound to fail because it is not feasible for a planning body to know all the circumstances and facts to able to assess who is in an incapacitated state21. Another area of benefits that has come under scrutiny is child benefits. This has long been considered untouchable as it has high take-up rates and passionate support across the political sector. However, new goals such as reducing child poverty whilst at the same time cutting spending, it is time the state challenged its status as the sacred cow of the welfare state22. Between 1999 and 2004, 600,000 children managed to escape poverty as result of their guardians/parents finding work. However, this trend reversed when the recession hit when between 2008 and 2009, 160,000 more children were in workless households and, inevitably, in poverty. Kate Stanley of the Institute for Public Policy Research makes the point that the welfare state must become much more efficient in reaching poor children and child benefit is one of governments primary tools in ending poverty.23 She goes onto explain that we need to bite the bullet and make it progressively universal so that everyone gets somethin g but poorer families get most, adding further, one option would be to tax child benefit and use the tax to increase the rate of benefit paid to second and subsequent children. As with any policy change, putting forward such change is unquestionably controversial. However, it is not difficult to come to the conclusion that yes, while there is a need for a benefit reform in the UK, does it necessarily mean the welfare state as a whole is in crisis? On this evidence, I can conclude with a wholehearted, no. British schools have somewhat of a mixed reputation. Quality of state education is known to vary whilst universities and other higher education institutions garner an excellent reputation internationally and take in thousands of foreign students. The state education system in the UK has been changing at a hectic pace in recent decades which has led to a generation of curriculum chaos and crisis caused by a lack of funding, crumbling infrastructure and shortages of books and other equipment24. Many schools have been forced to cut their teaching budgets at a time when they should have been increasing them, and some have had insufficient funds to buy books for the revised national curriculum and other essentials. This is only going to get worse with the recent spending review by The Coalition hinting there may be savage cutsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in the education budget25. The budget for the Department of Education last year was  £66.7bn, rising to an estimated  £68.7bn this year. While Cha ncellor George Osborne has pledged to protect Sure Start, the government scheme where childrens centres have been built by Labour to provide nursery care, it means other areas such as school buildings and support services are likely to be even harder hit. And it only gets worse: the Audit Commission claims that millions of pounds are still being misspent. A report last year found schools were sitting on excessive cash reserves of almost  £2bn and  £400m a year could be saved if schools bought desks, equipment and services more sensibly26. However, it is easy to criticise and easy to forget the positives. The last government claimed the increase in funding produced key successes, including rises in primary and secondary school exam results, a drop in the number of failing schools, an increase in the number of children staying on in education beyond the leaving age and improvements to early years care with the establishment of a network of Sure Start childrens centres. However, th is all happened during the last government. With ever more bleak and worrying headlines such as Students to face unlimited fees, Nearly one in five children aged 16-19 is functionally illiterate and Schools prepare to cut frontline services, it is not surprising why many are saying the education system in the UK is in trouble. A recent programme on BBC illustrated how Toby Young struggled to set up a new school within the state system. The pressing concern was the campaign to stop these schools was endorsed by the National Union of Teachers. The reason why Mr Young was trying to set up these schools was because they were wanted by parents not happy with the existing state schools. There is mass evidence to support their views with reports year on year showing dwindling numbers on the number of pupils that achieve 5 A-C GCSEs. It is about time students are able to realise their full potential instead of facing silly obstacles. It is no wonder private schools attain far higher grades and pass rates than public schools as they receive much more attention in their small class setting. I see no reason at this stage to go against what many people are saying: the UK welfare state is very much in crisis. The last area I cover is pensions. In the UK there are three major pension routes; (1) occupational final salary pension plans from your employer: (2) the state pension where you may have entitlement to a top-up plan as well as the basic state pension. Those who are not well off may have their retirement earnings boosted by a pension credit: and (3) the money purchase pension scheme either from your employer or from other earnings such as self-employment (these are called personal pensions)27. There are three problems in pension reforms in the UK. The first being whether to continue with the PAYG system or switch to a saving system, though this fight seems to be over as many academics and politicians accept the need to move to a saving or funded system. The second problem is whether, if you opt for the saving system, to make savings voluntary or compulsory, and if compulsory whether or not to give savers a choice of pension providers. The move to a saving or funded system has a great economic advantage in that it builds compound interest into the entitlement. In other words, you invest in the economy and you get the benefit when you retire. Many would like to return to the ideal situation of not wanting to be a burden on your family and the next generation, but as that family obligation myth still continues, it is too high a price to pay for the economic costs of the current system29. The question that leads from this is whether to make saving voluntary or compulsory. I would suggest setting a minimum for compulsory savings and let people saving voluntarily for larger pensions. Indeed the government introduced voluntary pension saving in the new world of pensions, but being auto-enrolled into a pension scheme will be compulsory. The high level of state pension from the age of 65 has been found to cost too much and has steadily declined in relation to average incomes and been replaced by what many call the disastrous means-tested pension credit. With the pension age to rise to 68, this will be a long overdue acceptance of vastly increased longevity30. This demonstrates the slow pace to which the UK responds to changes in reality. The Beveridge report laid the foundations of the post-war welfare state, declaring every citizen who paid his or her contributions should be able to claim an adequate pension worth more than any means tested benefit31. As Philip Johnston of the Telegraph puts it, after 100 years in which living standards have quadrupled, a pension designed to prevent the poorest in society enduring a penurious old age has failed in its purpose. James Bartholomew, in his book The Welfare State Were In, posed the question if we would have been better off without the state pension. He answered, It seems likely that if the state pension had not been introduced, British people would have saved a great deal more and, overall, would probably now be wealthier in their old age. The late 19th century trend for people to become less benefit dependent would have continued, and it would be normal to have very substantial savings. Old people would have more independence and dignity in retirement. In conclusion, I agree with the claim that the UK welfare state is in crisis. During the research for this essay, I found almost no evidence to say otherwise, which was a surprise. I have discovered the welfare state has been a failure and I believe the state should stop funding anything beyond a minimum safety net. As stated before, money is being wasted due to recklessness in its spending and rather than divert (even more) resources from social security to health and education, as the government plans, it should slash taxes and let people pay for their own welfare services. The demand for these two categories rises faster than national income and public spending is unlikely to be able to keep up, thus bringing us back to the perpetual perception that they are underfunded. I read an interesting post made by a member of the public on an online forum that made the following comment: Whenever all of part of the NHS runs out of money, wards are closed or operations are delayed or a cost saving measure is taken, but never are salaries cut back. 154 This illustrates how the government have a strong inclination to protect their staff first, instead of their customers who receive the service. But of course the nurses and doctors and administrators feel like they are under paid and endure difficult conditions, and this is often too. It bottles down to the point that their pay and their pensions are not damaged which otherwise would be if they were not working for the government. The future on the welfare state itself is uncertain at this point in time. The right are in agreement that unwarranted spending on the welfare state has weakened economic growth and reduced incentives, while the left feel the traditional welfare state has not paid enough attention to significant groups like women and ethnic minorities. Policy reforms have strengthened not just in the UK but also in the continental Europe and the US. The government often deliberates and avoids making tough decisions, such as introducing a compulsory savings scheme or increasing state pensions, which have been needed to deal with the crisis. As Steve Schifferes of the BBC puts it, though the government wants to seek a political consensus before proceeding with radical reform, time may be running out!

Ethnocentrism Essay example -- essays research papers

Webster’s dictionary defines ethnocentrism as â€Å"The tendency to evaluate other groups according to the values and standards of one's own ethnic group, especially with the conviction that one's own ethnic group is superior to the other groups.† When first reading this definition, one would naturally agree that ethnocentrism does exist in our world and society, often confusing it with patriotism. However, many do not realize that ethnocentrism is, has been, and continues to be a leading cause for violence in America. Different ethnic groups such as African Americans and Native Americans have suffered through years of violent crimes against them because of the white man’s ethnocentric views of themselves when compared with other races and cultures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ethnocentrism began to develop in America long before we were officially a nation. When Europeans first came to America and had their initial encounters with the Native Americans, the Europeans were so surprised about how different the Natives were. Their differences in language, dress, and skin color made them doubt that the Native Americans were even human. Stemming from this notion, the Europeans eventually began to consider the Natives as the â€Å"other† and felt that they were more civilized than the â€Å"others.† Amerigo Vespucci wrote that the Native Americans were â€Å"worse than heathen; because we did not see that they offered any sacrifice, nor did they have a house of prayer.† Consequently, these feelings...

Personal Responsibility and College Success Essay

What is personal responsibility and how does it relate to college success? To me personal responsibility is to be accountable for oneself and the people around you, in most any situation, there is no other person to hold accountable for your life than yourself. Everything we do is a direct reflection of your personality and the decisions you make. Morals are something you learn from your parents growing up. They teach you to always do the right thing and try not to make bad decisions. As you get older you’re going to start making important decisions that could affect your future. By doing this your growing into a responsible adult. Being personally responsible also means being able to take responsibility for your actions. What I mean by this is if you do something wrong don’t point the finger at someone else and say they did it. Be a responsible adult and be accountable for yourself and the things you do. When going to college you need to be accountable for your actions and the responsibility to turn in your homework, show up to class on time, get good grades, and study for tests. When going to college identify past problems that could set you back and overcome them in the future. In example if your not good at math go to a book store and buy a math tutor book and read it and it can help you focus on solutions and overcome barriers that you might have. When finding solutions to overcome your barriers don’t make excuses and tell yourself you cant do it. Make a system of checks and balances to help alleviate some stress. So if your studying for a long period of time take a break and do something else for a while then come back and finish. Never tell yourself you can’t do it. By doing this your going to feel better about yourself knowing that you did it and you took your time out of your day and learned something new. When going to college you need to make goals, a goal that is beneficial to your overall success. Your goal must be attainable, taking into consideration your personal resources and abilities. Be persistent when trying to reach your goals and never give up.

010 Research and Bib Professor Ramos Blog

010 Research and Bib Research Quick Write Why do we research? Research Scholarly research is research that is published by people with specialized knowledge on what they are researching. It is peer reviewed, reviewed by other researchers and specialist in the field, and is generally trustworthy. Blogs, Newspapers, Magazines are not Scholarly but are popular sources. ProCon.org  No subscription needed. Good place to look at the main issues around a topic. Occupational Outlook Handbook  The OOH can help you find career information on duties, education and training, pay, and outlook for hundreds of occupations. Google Scholar  Google academic database search. Great place to start. Quick Write How would you feel if someone used your ideas or work without giving you credit? Annotated Bibliography Chapter 11 in our textbook explains the purpose of an annotated bib. An annotated bib is a works cited or references page with additional information added to each citation. You begin with the correct reference citation for your sources. For this assignment we will have at least five sources. Here is a good explanation of  citations in MLA. Here is the format: Author(s). â€Å"Article Title.†Ã‚  Source, vol. #, no. #, season year, pp. xx-xx.  Database,  URL. Example: Kong, Les. â€Å"Business Sources for Education Majors.†Ã‚  Education Graduate Students Journal, vol. 75, no. 4, 2014, pp. 12-19.  JSTOR,  jstor.org/stable/52506788. To each entry you will add the annotation, the paragraph or two that explains the source, why you are using it, and its reliability. Each professor you will have in the future may have specific guidelines for what to include in an annotated bibliographic entry. Always follow their instructions. For this assignment, you should include: Summary of Source, 2-4 sentences How you are using it in your report, 1-3 sentences Reliability of source, 1-3 sentences In total, you should have a short paragraph, 4-10 sentences, explaining the three points above. Sources for Review 1-2 Primary texts 1-2+ Scholarly sources 1-2+ Popular sources 4 sources minimum. The New Jim Crow We read the New Jim Crow article for today. What is a caste? What is the purpose of prisons? What is Jim Crow? What is the New Jim Crow?